NASA’s Mars rover, Curiosity finds first evidence of water

Curiosity, a roving chemistry laboratory which is the size of a small car, touched down Mars on August 6 inside a giant impact basin near the planet’s equator. The primary target for the two-year mission is a three-mile (five-km), high mound of layered rock rising from the floor of Gale Crater. 

Scientists suspect the mound, known as Mount Sharp, is the remains of sediment that once completely filled the crater. Analysis of a slab of rock located between the crater’s north rim and the base of Mount Sharp indicate a fast-moving stream of water once flowed there. Images taken by Curiosity and released on Thursday show rounded stones cemented into the rock, which rises like a piece of jack-hammered sidewalk from the planet’s surface. 

The stones inside the rock are too big to have been moved by wind, Curiosity scientist Rebecca Williams, with the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Arizona, told reporters on a conference call. 

She said that “The consensus of the science team is that these are water-transported gravel in a vigorous stream.”

The rock is believed to be from the floor of an ancient stream which was once between ankle and knee deep. The analysis is based on telephoto images taken by the rover, which is en-route to a patch of land named Glenelg where three different types of rock intersect

John Grotzinger, leading scientist at the California Institute of Technology said that ”The question about habitability goes beyond the simple observation of water on Mars. Certainly flowing water is a place where microorganisms could have lived.” 

John added that ”This particular kind of rock may or may not be a good place to preserve those components that we associate with a habitable environment.” 

The $2.5 billion Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity mission is NASA’s first astro-biology mission since the 1970s-era Viking probes.